Quins beneficis i usos té per a la salut l’oli de clau?

L’oli de clau s’extreu de l’arbre del clau. Es tracta de vapor destil·lat de cabdells de clau d’olor que tenen una olor punxent i aguda. És originari del sud-est asiàtic i s’ha utilitzat per tractar el dolor associat a problemes dentals durant segles.

Es diu que l’oli de clau té propietats antioxidants, antimicrobianes, antifúngiques, antiinflamatòries i anestèsiques (1), (2). També pot ajudar a tractar les malalties de la pell, ajudar a la digestió i augmentar el sistema immunitari. Aquest article analitza els beneficis, usos i efectes secundaris potencials de l'oli de clau. Seguiu llegint per saber-ne més.

12 Usos i beneficis de l’oli de clau

1. Pot alleujar el mal de queixal

L'oli essencial de clau d'olor pot ajudar a prevenir les càries i alleujar el dolor bucal. Tradicionalment s’utilitza per alleujar el mal de queixal. També s’utilitza per a emergències dentals com la inflamació de la boca o la gola. També s’ha informat que l’oli de clau s’ha utilitzat en la preparació de determinades pastes de dents i rentats bucals (3). L’eugenol, un líquid oliós aromàtic extret de l’oli de clau, s’utilitza com a sedant en procediments dentals (4). El clau també té propietats antiplaca. Pot inhibir el creixement dels bacteris orals que poden causar placa dental (5).

També es va trobar que l’oli essencial de clau d’olor presenta activitat anticariogènica i citotòxica contra un gran nombre de patògens orals (6). L’eugenol i l’acetat d’eugenil són els dos components actius de l’oli essencial de clau que ajuden a prevenir la descalcificació o l’erosió dental (7). L’oli de clau és més eficaç contra els microorganismes que causen càries dental (8).

2. Pot ajudar a tractar les malalties de la pell i l'acne

Es diu que l’oli de clau actua contra Propionibacterium acnes, bacteris causants de l’acne (9). Tanmateix, calen més estudis en aquesta línia per arribar a conclusions posteriors.

Un estudi realitzat pel Departament de Dermatologia del Caire, Egipte, va trobar que l'oli de clau era eficaç en el tractament tòpic del pruïja crònic (10).

Un altre estudi realitzat per l'Hospital Universitari Mansoura, Egipte, va trobar que l'aplicació tòpica de crema d'oli de clau podria ajudar en el tractament de les fissures anals cròniques (11).

3. Pot tenir propietats analgèsiques

Es va trobar que el massatge amb oli de clau redueix eficaçment el mal d’esquena en mares postnatales (12). Es diu que l’oli de clau té propietats analgèsiques que redueixen el mal de queixal i el dolor articular activant els canals de calci i clorur als ganglis limfàtics (13). L’eugenol del clau també s’ha estudiat pels seus efectes analgèsics (14). L’oli de clau també podria alleujar el dolor dels ratolins (15).

Un altre estudi realitzat per la Universitat de Kuwait va trobar que el gel de clau podria tenir el potencial de reemplaçar la benzocaïna com a anestèsic tòpic (16).

4. Pot ajudar a la digestió

L’oli de clau pot ajudar a alleujar les nàusees, els vòmits i les malalties del moviment, gràcies a les seves propietats antiirritants i calmants (17). L’eugenol de l’oli essencial de clau té la capacitat d’estimular la síntesi de moc, un important factor gastroprotector (18). No obstant això, cal investigar més per entendre el seu ús en el tractament de les úlceres gàstriques.

5. Pot augmentar el sistema immunitari

L’eugenol dels claus protegeix les membranes cel·lulars contra el dany dels radicals lliures i l’estrès oxidatiu (19). En un estudi amb animals, l'oli també podria exercir un paper protector contra l'estrès oxidatiu induït per la radiació (20). Es diu que l’oli de clau té efectes antiinflamatoris. Un estudi va mostrar que l’oli de clau té un efecte antiinflamatori dependent de la dosi en les rates Wistar (21). A més, es va comprovar que l’oli tenia efectes antinociceptius i antipirètics en ratolins (22).

6. Pot tenir propietats antimicrobianes

L’oli essencial de clau és una potent font de compostos antimicrobians que actuen especialment contra els patògens bacterians (23). L’oli pot ser eficaç per aturar el creixement de diversos tipus de bacteris i també actuar contra els patògens de les vies respiratòries (24). També es va trobar que l’oli de clau d’olor actuava contra les soques clíniques de la bobina d’ Escherichia , un bacteri específic molt resistent a diversos antibiòtics (25). Un estudi realitzat per la Secció de Microbiologia i Tecnologia de Mariscs, a Espanya, va trobar que l’oli essencial de clau d’olor va matar de manera eficient els biofilms Staphylococcus aureus (26) .

A més, l’oli de clau actua contra Candida albicans que provoca infeccions bucals, peus d’atleta i llevats vaginals. L’eugenol de l’oli de clau podria exercir un efecte anticandidal (27). Un estudi realitzat per la Universitat Mèdica i Farmacèutica Toyama va trobar que una combinació d'aciclovir. Un estudi realitzat per la Universitat Mèdica i Farmacèutica Toyama va trobar que una combinació d'aciclovir (un medicament antiviral) i clau en ratolins podria tractar la infecció viral per herpes simple (28).). Una barreja d’olis essencials amb oli de clau podria atenuar significativament el virus de la grip. Els virus tractats amb la barreja d’oli tenien una expressió mínima de proteïnes virals. Això significa que l’oli de clau podria tenir la capacitat de combatre determinats virus que causen infeccions (29).

7. Pot actuar com a repel·lent d'insectes

L’oli de clau pot actuar com a repel·lent d’insectes i prevenir malalties transmeses per vectors (causades en humans per un paràsit) (30). Un estudi va trobar que els components de l’oli essencial de clau poden ser útils en la producció de repel·lents de polls del cos (31). L’oli de clau també podria mostrar una activitat repel·lent contra les tèrmits japoneses (32).

Un estudi realitzat per la Universitat de Mahidol, Tailàndia, va trobar que l' oli essencial de clau podria repel·lir els chiggers de Leptotrombidium , que són una espècie de larva. L’oli també podria ser una alternativa més segura i econòmica als repel·lents sintètics que poden causar efectes secundaris (33). L’oli essencial de clau també va mostrar repel·lència contra el Leptotrombidium deliense , una altra espècie de larves (34). A més, es va trobar que una formulació que conté oli essencial de clau era eficaç contra el mosquit Aedes aegypti (35).

L’eugenol de l’oli de clau també podria funcionar com una alternativa prometedora als insecticides habituals (36). Es va comprovar que l’eugenol, l’acetat d’eugenol i el beta-cariofilè, els productes químics bioactius del clau, tenen la capacitat de repel·lir les formigues de foc vermelles (37).

8. Pot reduir el dolor d'estómac

S'ha proposat que l'eugenol de l'oli de clau és beneficiós per a les afeccions gastrointestinals, com el dolor abdominal. També s’utilitza per tractar la tos, les flemes i la congestió toràcica (38). Es pot utilitzar el clau per reduir el mal de panxa. Tot i això, hi ha dades limitades disponibles per donar suport a aquesta reclamació.

9. Pot augmentar la salut cardiovascular

L’oli de clau pot ajudar a augmentar la salut cardiovascular. Tradicionalment, se sap que millora la circulació sanguínia. Un estudi en rates va demostrar que l’eugenol de l’oli dilatava les artèries cerebrals. Això, en humans, pot significar un risc reduït d’ictus (39). En rates, el tractament amb eugenol podria reduir els nivells de pressió arterial i fins i tot alentir la freqüència cardíaca (40). En un altre estudi, les rates alimentades amb molta fructosa, quan se'ls va donar oli essencial de clau, van mostrar una millora del fetge gras. L’oli també podria regular els nivells de colesterol a les rates. L’estudi suggereix les possibles propietats cardioprotectores de l’oli de clau (41).

En les rates diabètiques, l’oli de clau també podria presentar efectes cardioprotectors. Això podria ser degut a les propietats antioxidants de l’oli (42). Un altre estudi conclou que l'eugenol podria ser terapèuticament útil com a agent antihipertensiu (43).

10. Pot afavorir el creixement del cabell

Eugenol is known to stimulate the hair roots. A formulation containing clove oil was found to condition hair and enhance its growth. It could repair the hair shaft (44). However, more studies in this line are needed to reach further conclusions.

11. May Have Anticancer Properties

Eugenol was identified as one of the agents that could have anticancer properties. It may also prevent the proliferation of cancer cells and can help with cancer cell death (apoptosis) (45).

In another study, eugenol could suppress the growth of melanoma or skin cancer. Eugenol treatment could reduce tumor size by 40% and also delayed the growth of tumors (46). The National Toxicology Program based on several long term carcinogenicity studies concluded that eugenol was not carcinogenic to rats (47). Similar observations could be expected in humans as well.

In another study, clove extract was found to inhibit tumor growth. It could be a novel treatment for colorectal cancer (48).

However, it is important to practice caution, as eugenol may also have certain prooxidant properties. The compound may cause allergies and other inflammatory reactions (49).

12. May Act As An Aphrodisiac

In studies on male mice, extracts of clove (along with nutmeg) could enhance sexual behavior (50). In another study, 50% ethanolic extract of clove produced a significant and sustained increase in the sexual activity of normal male rats. The extract also caused no adverse effects (51). However, more studies are warranted in this regard.

These are the major benefits of clove oil. The oil also has other important uses, which we will explore in the following section.

Other Uses of Clove Oil

• Clove oil blended with cinnamon, orange, nutmeg, or vanilla oils can lift one’s spirits. Using this warming blend in a diffuser will soon fill the room and may also relieve stress.
• Anecdotal evidence suggests that sniffing the spicy aroma of cloves reduces drowsiness and fatigue, irritability, and headaches. It may stimulate the mind and also increase memory recall.
• Cloves encourage the loosening of phlegm from the respiratory system. They also promote sweating during fevers, colds, and flu, which can be very healing. Clove oil is often used in remedies for coughs.
• Like many culinary spices, clove may help relax the smooth muscle lining of the digestive tract. A few drops of the oil in water can relieve nausea. Clove tea may help treat diarrhea, gas, bloating, and intestinal spasms.
• Clove oil stimulates circulation and blood flow to the skin. This may help those with cold extremities.
• Clove oil is as effective as oil of oregano in treating athlete’s foot, nail fungus, and other skin problems. It can be applied directly to the skin or nails (unless the skin is sensitive or broken, wherein it must be diluted with extra virgin olive oil or unrefined coconut oil).
• One drop of clove oil applied to the roof of the mouth may relieve headaches. However, more research is warranted in this regard.
• Clove oil is long used in aromatherapy to relieve pain. For general pain relief, add 3 drops of clove oil to 1 teaspoon of coconut oil or extra virgin olive oil. Apply it to the pain areas.
• A band-aid soaked in a few drops of clove oil can help treat warts. Applying the band-aid to warts may help dissolve them if done regularly for a few weeks.

Clove oil is popularly known as a remedy for toothache. Using oil to relieve tooth pain is simple. Check the following section

How To Use Clove Oil To Treat A Toothache?

Dentists use clove oil as an oral anesthetic and also to disinfect root canals. The oil stops the toothache when dropped into the oral cavity. For temporary relief, dip a cotton swab in clove oil and apply it to the affected tooth. Adding a clove or two to a cup of tea can work miracles on a toothache.

Here is how you can use clove oil to relieve your toothache:

• Dilute a few drops of clove oil in an edible carrier oil, such as olive or coconut oils.
• Dab a clean cotton ball into the solution, and allow it to soak in it.
• Avoiding contact with your gums, apply the cotton ball to the sore tooth. It may take a few minutes of application for you to feel the relief.
• Apply every 2 hours or as necessary.

You can use clove oil in various other ways to achieve its benefits. In the following section we have discussed its most popular uses.

How To Use Clove Oil?

Spray

Using the clove oil as a spray is an easy way to add the clove scent to your room. Clove oil possesses antimicrobial properties, and you can also use it as a mild disinfectant.

To make a clove spray:

• Add several drops of clove oil to water. You would need 10 to 15 drops of clove oil per ounce of water to prepare the spray.
• Add it to a spray bottle. Be sure to shake the bottle well before spraying.

Diffuser

You can also use the oil in a diffuser. While diffusing clove oil, carefully follow the instructions that come with the diffuser. Make sure the room is well-ventilated when you diffuse the clove oil.

Topically

You can apply clove oil to your skin to achieve different benefits.

Massage oils

Use 15 drops of clove oil per ounce of carrier oil to create a 2.5 percent solution of massage oil. This solution can be used as a massage oil for pain relief.

Creams, scrubs, or lotions

For use on normal skin, you need 1 to 2.5 percent dilution of clove oil. For sensitive skin, you need 0.5 to 1 percent dilution of the oil. This diluted solution has no aroma and can be used in the preparation of several scrubs, lotions, or creams.

How Do You Use Clove Oil For Hair Growth?

There is not enough information in this regard. But anecdotal evidence suggests that clove oil acts as a natural remedy to promote hair growth as it contains a number of vital vitamins and minerals. Massaging diluted clove oil into your scalp may boost blood circulation. This could ensure more nutrients and oxygen are supplied to your scalp and hair follicles. To experience the benefits of clove essential oil for hair growth, you can indulge in a hot oil treatment or apply a DIY hair mask prepared with clove oil.

Though clove oil is well studied for its benefits, it may not be suitable for all. The oil may cause side effects in some.

Are There Any Side Effects Of Using Clove Oil?

Clove oil may cause local irritation, rare allergic reactions, and contact dermatitis in some individuals. More severe effects include tissue injury and acute onset of seizures, coma, and damage to the liver and kidneys (52). Clove essential oil is generally recognized as a safe substance when consumed in concentrations lower than 1500 mg/kg. The World Health Organization (WHO) established that the daily quantity acceptable of clove per day is 2.5 mg for every kg of body weight in humans (53).

Hepatotoxicity

High doses of eugenol may harm the liver and kidneys, as per some rat studies. Several instances of severe acute liver and kidney injury have been reported after an accidental overdose of eugenol containing herbal products, largely in infants (54), (55).

May Cause Skin irritation

Excess usage of clove oil can cause skin irritation in some people. Eugenol is an effective substance that is incorporated into many dental products. Contact dermatitis due to this chemical is not unusual. However, true serious allergic reactions are extremely rare (56).

As a primary irritant and sensitizer, eugenol is known to cause contact urticaria as well as chronic urticaria (rashes with dangerous swelling) (57). If you are concerned about your sensitivity to this essential oil, do a patch test before using it. Apply a small amount of diluted clove oil to the inside of your elbow. If you notice signs of skin irritation, like redness, itching, or swelling, don’t use clove oil topically.

May Cause Allergies

It is very rare to have an allergic reaction due to clove oil. The eugenol in the oil may cause oral irritation and heat sensation on the tongue (58).

Drug Interactions

Medications that slow blood clotting (anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs) interact with clove. Hence, avoid using clove oil if you are taking any anticoagulants. Acetyl eugenol, a component of clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.), inhibits platelet aggregation in humans. This could lead to bleeding (59), (60).

Avoid using clove oil if you have had a recent major surgery, peptic ulcers, or bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia.

You can buy clove oil from your nearest health store. But before you make a purchase, you need to keep a few things in mind.

What To Look For When Buying Clove Oil

Look for a purity statement on the label

Try to buy 100 percent clove essential oil and look for other ingredients listed (if any).

Don’t go by the marketing hype

Generally, essential oils are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the same way as drugs. Hence, you should be more cautious of any oil that claims to cure a specific condition.

Make sure the clove oil is in a dark glass bottle

Light has the potential to damage essential oils. Dark glass helps keep the light out. Always ensure your product comes packaged in a dark glass bottle.

If you can, smell it before buying it

Clove essential oil has a unique fragrance. Smell it before buying. If it does not smell natural, avoid purchasing it.

Conclusion

Clove oil possesses many therapeutic properties and has several health benefits. From dealing with dental problems to treating cardiovascular issues, this essential oil can improve human health in various ways. However, excess usage may cause several side effects. Hence, limit its use and consult your doctor if you experience any adverse effects.

Expert’s Answers For Readers’ Questions

Can you drink clove oil?

Ingestion of clove oil can be dangerous. Clove oil ingestion may result in coma, fits, and acute liver damage (61).

Can clove oil damage teeth?

Clove oil is generally considered safe for teeth.

How often can I use clove oil on my tooth?

If you are suffering from toothache, you can use it every 3-5 hours for relief. If you have multiple pain points in your mouth after a dental procedure, you can add a few drops of clove oil to coconut oil and swirl it in your mouth.

Does clove oil help you sleep?

The oil contains eugenol that is a mild anesthetic. It may aid in sleeping. Apply a few drops of warm clove oil with some carrier oil on your forehead for better sleep.

Can you apply clove oil directly to the skin?

First, do a patch test after diluting the oil with a carrier oil. If there is no reaction, you can apply clove oil to your skin.

How long does clove oil take to work?

Clove oil may soothe a toothache and relieve pain within minutes. It generally takes 5-10 minutes to work.

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